Long has worked for 30 years in the public sector, 25 in a senior position, holding roles within education, social work and health and social care.
Prior to starting her current post as chief executive of Inverclyde Council in September 2021, Long was chief officer for Inverclyde Integration Joint Board and corporate director of Health and Social Care Partnership at Inverclyde Council from May 2017.
Previously, she was head of children and families and justice and chief social work officer at Argyll and Bute Council from 2015, starting at that council in 2012 as head of children's services.
Long replaces Professor Jann Gardner, who will become the new chief executive of NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde from 1 February.
Colin Lauder, who is currently NHS Lanarkshire deputy chief executive and director of planning, property and performance, will take up the role of interim chief executive before Long joins.
Martin Hill, chair of NHS Lanarkshire, said: ‘Louise is a dynamic leader who has the skills and passion to continue to develop and drive our innovative plans to reform our health services and provide the best possible care for the people of Lanarkshire.
"She has a fantastic track record as a senior leader in health and social care and as well as high-level leadership experience as Inverclyde Council's chief executive.'
Long added: ‘There are fewer challenges greater than health and social care, and I am grateful for the opportunity make a positive difference in this area.
‘NHS Lanarkshire has a committed and dedicated workforce with a real spirit of innovation in its approach to improving services.'
Long will take up her new role on 5 May.